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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: 12.1&12.2ecology( Heng Ann Nie 1M1S04), 2)Heteretroph/consumer:Organims that cannot synthesize their own food from inorganic materials. types 2)Omnivores:An animal that eats variety of plat and animal material. Exp:human, 2)Heteretroph/consumer:Organims that cannot synthesize their own food from inorganic materials. types 1)Herbivores:An animal that feeds on plants/algae. Exp:cow,goat,horse,elephant,grasshopper, 2)Heteretroph/consumer:Organims that cannot synthesize their own food from inorganic materials. types 4)Detritivores:An organism that consumes fragment of dead organic organisms also called (detritus feeder) Exp:earthworm,slugs,crab, 12.1 Introduction to ecology ???? ????, Lake Ecosystem types Temperature 1)Epilimnion/Hyperimnion:Warm due to solar radiation.(Less dense) 2)thermocline/metalimnion :lower temperature.(denser) 3)hypolimnion:cold water, Abiotic component: Atmosphere,hydrosphere&lithosphere Interaction Between Biotic Component 1)Competition:A relationship in which 2/more individuals strive to obtain the same/limited resourcses intraspecies(same species) interspecies(different species) exp:P.aurelia &P.caudatum 2)Parasitisme:A relationship in which one species benefit and the other is adversely affected(ectoprasites&endoparasite) 3)Predation:A relationship in which one species /predator eats another species/prey. 4)commensalism:A relationship in which benefit one organim/species&do not harm the other livng organism ex:shark & remora fish 5)mutualism:A reationship in which benefits both species ex:hermit crab&sea anomone//honey bee feed on nectar, Light penetration 1)Littoral zone:shallow with rooted aquatic plants, sunlight penetrate all the way.(crustacean,algae) 2)limnetic zone:open water zone(phytoplankton zooplankton.) 3)profundal/aphotic zone:bottom of the lake,insufficient sunlight penetrate, photosynthesis cannot occur,plant not allow to grow.(tiny crustaceans) 4)Benthic zone:sendiments at the soil.(Decomposer bacteria&fungi) **COMPENSATION POINT:RESPIRATION RATE=PHOTOSYNTHESIS RATE** LAKE ZONE, Interaction Between Biotic Component 1)Competition:A relationship in which 2/more individuals strive to obtain the same/limited resourcses intraspecies(same species) interspecies(different species) exp:P.aurelia &P.caudatum 2)Parasitisme:A relationship in which one species benefit and the other is adversely affected(ectoprasites&endoparasite) 3)Predation:A relationship in which one species /predator eats another species/prey. 4)commensalism:A relationship in which benefit one organim/species&do not harm the other livng organism ex:shark & remora fish 5)mutualism:A reationship in which benefits both species ex:hermit crab&sea anomone//honey bee feed on nectar Lake Ecosystem, Lake Ecosystem types Light penetration 1)Littoral zone:shallow with rooted aquatic plants, sunlight penetrate all the way.(crustacean,algae) 2)limnetic zone:open water zone(phytoplankton zooplankton.) 3)profundal/aphotic zone:bottom of the lake,insufficient sunlight penetrate, photosynthesis cannot occur,plant not allow to grow.(tiny crustaceans) 4)Benthic zone:sendiments at the soil.(Decomposer bacteria&fungi) **COMPENSATION POINT:RESPIRATION RATE=PHOTOSYNTHESIS RATE**, 12.2 Ecosystem concept Definition:The basic functional unit of nature including both organisms and their non-living environment, each interacting with the other and influencing each other's proprties and both necessary for the maintenance& of the system Biotic Components, 12.2 Ecosystem concept Definition:The basic functional unit of nature including both organisms and their non-living environment, each interacting with the other and influencing each other's proprties and both necessary for the maintenance& of the system Abiotic component: Atmosphere,hydrosphere&lithosphere, Interaction Between Biotic Component 1)Competition:A relationship in which 2/more individuals strive to obtain the same/limited resourcses intraspecies(same species) interspecies(different species) exp:P.aurelia &P.caudatum 2)Parasitisme:A relationship in which one species benefit and the other is adversely affected(ectoprasites&endoparasite) 3)Predation:A relationship in which one species /predator eats another species/prey. 4)commensalism:A relationship in which benefit one organim/species&do not harm the other livng organism ex:shark & remora fish 5)mutualism:A reationship in which benefits both species ex:hermit crab&sea anomone//honey bee feed on nectar Forest Terrestrial Ecosystem groundlayer->shrub layer->understory->canopy->Emergent layer, Chapter12:Ecology Definition:The study of the interactions among organisms and their physical environment 12.2 Ecosystem concept Definition:The basic functional unit of nature including both organisms and their non-living environment, each interacting with the other and influencing each other's proprties and both necessary for the maintenance& of the system, Biotic Components 3)Decomposer:A heterotroph that breaks down organics material&uses the decomposition products to supply it with energy.Exp:fungi,saprophytic bacteria, 2)Heteretroph/consumer:Organims that cannot synthesize their own food from inorganic materials. types 3)Carnivores:An animal feeds on other animal,flesh-eater Exp:tiger,lion,owl,snake