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8 adding options and arguments to commands an argument follows command options separated by a space command arguments are usually file or directory names, 2 definitions of files and directories a file is a named and stored collection of related information, such as program, a set of data used by a program, or a user created document, basic unit of storage enables computer to distguish one set of information from anther, 7 esstial commands for navigating Bash shell ls find find searches in the named directory and searches down through the tree through all the files and directories under the directory name you specified, 7 esstial commands for navigating Bash shell ls find ls sorts the files based on the value of the characters, names and locations of many files and directories this standard determines which files are stored in which directories, physically somewhere else but look like they are mounted on local computer two examples of NFS are NFS (Network File System) SMB (System Message Block) a.k.a. Samba , a means of organizing programs and documents consists of both files and additional directories directories are hierarchiacal, i.e. msdos, umdos vfat and ntfs also supports network file systems (NSF), is used to locate and display the location of program (binaries) source, and manual page files for a specific command the whereis command will determine the directory path of programs of their source files, The Linux File System ???? 1 The purpose and function of the file systems, 5 mounting of file system in order to access a device you must mount the device to ready it for access, files and directories are owned and have permissions assigned to thenem there are three categories of file owners user, group, and other, ext3 is a journalizing file system writes meta data to journal on disk before using to modify file meta data is data about data provides info about or documentation of data managed in application or environment i.e., op system, user, group, and other there are three types of permissions read. write and execute, contain these special characters are called ambiguous file references, they do not reference a specific file. they represent or substitute for a group or string of characters, the way any OS names, stores, and organizes the files on storage devices such as hared disk or floppy disks a file system consists of files and directories and info nedded to laocate and access those objects, users can protect their data determine who can and can not view or alter files or directories, but only if Linux is in ext2 or ext3 Linux file systems files and directories are owned and have permissions assigned to thenem, 1 The purpose and function of the file systems a file system is the way any OS names, stores, and organizes the files on storage devices such as hared disk or floppy disks, 8 adding options and arguments to commands an option is information you can use to modify or qualify a command, supports network file systems (NSF) network file systems are physically somewhere else but look like they are mounted on local computer, 10 redirect output to devices and files redirection allows you to tell the op system to write the output to the standard output device (the screen) to somewhere else, typically, to a file or device, it creates many directories the directory names the FHS defines names and locations of many files and directories, date is the command to access a date date and time are the system date only the system administrator can alter them, 3 differences between Linux ext2/ext3 native file systems major difference is ext3 is a journalizing file system writes meta data to journal on disk before using to modify file, which files are stored in which directories Directory name Files /bin contains binary files, which files are stored in which directories Directory name Files /mnt contains mount points (directories) for removable media i.e., floppy disks, which files are stored in which directories Directory name Files / Root the entire file system it contains all other directories, which files are stored in which directories Directory name Files /dev contains all devices for connected hardware, which files are stored in which directories Directory name Files /boot contains the kernel and files and bootstrap loader, 3 differences between Linux ext2/ext3 native file systems Linux is a secure op system users can protect their data determine who can and can not view or alter files or directories, but only if Linux is in ext2 or ext3, files and directories are owned and have permissions assigned to thenem many files and directories such as system configuration files and password files, 5 mounting of file system purpose and function of fstab lists the file systems that are mounted automatically when the system starts, 5 mounting of file system purpose and function of mtab file that lists all file systems that are currently mounted and the options they were mounted with , 2 definitions of files and directories a directory is a means of organizing programs and documents , 11 find whereis commands the find command starts in the named directory and searches down through the directory tree through all the files and directories under the directory name you specified, 6 basic commands cal date ???? cal is the command to access a calender, 9 explorded file name expansions and commands to support globbing file names contain these special characters are called ambiguous file references, they do not reference a specific file., system configuration files and password files are only accessible by the system administrator, the super user (root user), 11 find whereis commands the whereis command is used to locate and display the location of program (binaries) source, and manual page files for a specific command, 9 explorded file name expansions and commands to support globbing ???? metacharacters are shorthand system that allows you to operate on a group of files rather than a single file, a shell feature called globbing, NFS (Network File System) SMB (System Message Block) a.k.a. Samba Since Linux is a secure op system users can protect their data determine who can and can not view or alter files or directories, but only if Linux is in ext2 or ext3, 4 purpose and function of the File System Hierarchy (FSH) standard when Linux is installed it creates many directories the directory names the FHS , data about data provides info about or documentation of data managed in application or environment i.e., op system Linux supports other foriegn file systems i.e. msdos, umdos vfat and ntfs, 3 differences between Linux ext2/ext3 native file systems ext2 released prior to Red Hat Linux 7.2