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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Gina McPherson, Assess and manage Faculty Preparation, Systems Theory influences Instructional Technology, external stimuli examples lack of interest, poor planning, lack of understanding, insufficient technology, leads to retention, or dropout, Instructional Technology refers to application of theory and knowledge to design and develop instructional materials, Instructional Systems Design (ISD) requires focus on cycles, interaction, larger environment, feedback, Assess as well as appeal to the learning styles and dispositions of students, quality of instruction has been challenged due to the fact that research has shown that the greater majority of DE courses are taught by adjunct professors who do not possess a Ph.D. (Hussman and Miller, 2003) Some of the Challenges, Motivation as an integral component in in Distance Education Systems. is affected by external stimuli, external stimuli to reduce higher rates of retention Institutions of learning must develop and implement quality instructional methodologies that will provide rich learning experiences for students., Instructional Systems Design (ISD) requires focus on cycles, interaction, larger environment, feedback, Systems Theory influences Instructional Systems Design (ISD), Systems Theory looks at enviroronmental resources, process, self-regulation for adjustment, Institutions of learning must develop and implement quality instructional methodologies that will provide rich learning experiences for students. in order to do so, they should Assess, Instructional Systems Design (ISD) and Instructional Technology, the learning styles and dispositions of students based upon needs assessments/research of target audience characteristics that are taken into consideration in the instructional planning phase., needs assessments/research of target audience characteristics that are taken into consideration in the instructional planning phase. There are four learning strategies (Kolb, 1984) , used by students: A. Experience (personal experience and feelings. Those who use this are flexible in their thinking and adapt to change quickly). B. Abstract Conceptulization (rely on the learnerr's ability to to analyze information systematically and refrain from decision making until they have an account of all the facts). C. Reflective Observation ( a learner relies on personal thoughts and feelings and looks at all points of view in the matter(s), and D. Active Experimentation (Here, learning becomes active. The learner works at experimenting with or changing situations), qualifications of the instructor, lack technological skill (Volery, 2000), ineffective of interactive activities and course materials, inability to troubleshoot student concerns (Cuellar, 2002), ineffective perfomance assessments (Deubel, 2003) albeit the implementation tactics of institutions of learning are essential as droput and graduation rates help in determining the success of an educational institution (Carr 2000), the need for information, academic trends, shifts in organizational structure and self-directed learning, technology devices, and distance learning trends in their decision making rather than make decisions based solely upon more more traditional stimuli like long-term demographics of students and economic forecasts, Faculty Preparation as it relates to Online Instruction, societal trends such as the need for information, academic trends, shifts in organizational structure and self-directed learning, technology devices, and distance learning trends in their decision making