The following estimations and cost factors were utilized to estimate the financial
impact associated with implementing each technology upon a Category II marine diesel
engine generating 2,000 horse power, consuming 13,872,000 gallons of diesel fuel
annually, and operating 5,000 hours per year.


Re-power ($500,000): The average sale price, including installation, of a new generation
marine diesel engine. (Source: Steve Sunny, EMD)


Rebuild ($200,000): The average cost involved, (including parts and labor), in
completely rebuilding an EMD marine diesel engine in place, utilizing emissions
reducing components. (Source: Steve Sunny, EMD)


Re-power -Carl Moyer ($250,000): The re-power option as described, less 50% as
based upon true Carl Moyer Program assistance received in California for engine
replacement. (Source: Dan Massy, Foss)
Rebuild - Carl Moyer ($100,000): The rebuild option as described, less 50% as based
upon true Carl Moyer Program assistance received in California for engine replacement.
(Source: Dan Massy, Foss)


Injection Timing Delay ($600): The average cost, (eight hours of field labor at an hourly
charge-out rate of $75 / hour), associated with retarding the timing on an existing marine
diesel engine. (Source: Gordon Esplin, Genesis Engineering)



Water Injection ($535,000): The average cost of a new Wartsila engine equipped with
water injection technology. This technology commands a 7% cost premium over similar
engines. Using the re-power figure of $500,000, as discussed in the re-power option, this
equates to $535,000. (Source: Mark Evans, Wartsila)



SCR ($124,250): The average cost associated with purchasing and installing an SCR
system for land-based power generation applications is $71 / kilowatt. A marine diesel
engine generating 2,000 horse power equates to a 1,750 mechanical kilowatt output.
When multiplying these numbers, the result is $124,250. However additional costs, not
accounted for in this analysis, would be incurred by the vessel owner. These costs are a
result of the increased storage space required and the associated weight burden incurred
due to the urea-based system. (Source: Diesel and Gas Turbines Worldwide)


Shore Power ($560,000): The estimated cost associated with installing and preparing a
cruise vessel for shore-side power feed is $500,000 per vessel. The price premium for
shore power electricity rates is estimated at $1,000 per day. Given a 60 day / year period
for berthing, this equates to an additional $60,000 operational cost. Construction and
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installation of a shore side power feeding facility is estimated at $5 million, and was not
included in this analysis. (Source: Tom Dow, Princess Cruise)



Bio Diesel ($3,473,500): The estimated price premium incurred when purchasing an
annual supply of fuel for vessel operations, 13,694,000 gallons of fuel, as based upon a
25% / gallon surcharge. Our baseline fuel cost is $1.00 / gallon. This estimation also
includes an additional $50,000 for associated with fuel system and storage conversion
necessary for fuel switching. (Source: Karen Laurer, Conoco)


Low Sulfur ($323,880): The estimated price premium incurred when purchasing an
annual supply of fuel for vessel operations, 13,694,000 gallons of fuel, as based upon a
2% / gallon surcharge. Our baseline fuel cost is $1.00 / gallon. This estimation also
includes an additional $50,000 for associated with fuel system and storage conversion
necessary for fuel switching. (Source: Karen Laurer, Conoco)


Ultra Low ($734,700 The estimated price premium incurred when purchasing an annual
supply of fuel for vessel operations, 13,694,000 gallons of fuel, as based upon a 5% /
gallon surcharge. Our baseline fuel cost is $1.00 / gallon. This estimation also includes an
additional $50,000 for associated with fuel system and storage conversion necessary for
fuel switching. (Source: Karen Laurer, Conoco)