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GERD, Nursing Interventions: Surgical therapy Endoscopic therapy Lifestyle modifications Cessation of smoking Nutritional therapy Drug therapy Medical Diagnosis GERD Signs & Symptoms: Pyrosis (heartburn) Dyspespia Hypersalivation Wheezing, coughing Dyspnea Globus sensation Regurgitation, Nursing Interventions: Surgical therapy Endoscopic therapy Lifestyle modifications Cessation of smoking Nutritional therapy Drug therapy Medical Diagnosis GERD Risk Factors: Hiatal Hernia, Incompetent LES, Decreased Esophageal Clearance, Obesity, Pregnancy, Smoking, Nursing Interventions: Surgical therapy Endoscopic therapy Lifestyle modifications Cessation of smoking Nutritional therapy Drug therapy Medical Diagnosis GERD Complications: Esophagitis, Esophageal metaplasia, Cough, bronchospasm, Cricopharyngeal Spasm, Asthma, Dental erosion, Nursing Interventions: Surgical therapy Endoscopic therapy Lifestyle modifications Cessation of smoking Nutritional therapy Drug therapy Medical Diagnosis GERD Diagnostic Procedures & Medications: Barium swallow, Endoscopy, Manometric studies, Radionucletitd tests, Nursing Interventions: Surgical therapy Endoscopic therapy Lifestyle modifications Cessation of smoking Nutritional therapy Drug therapy Medical Diagnosis GERD Pathophysiology: Caused by incopetent lower esophageal sphincter, Predisposal to hiatal hernia. GERD is the back flow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus that is often the result of incompetance of the lower esophageal sphincter. The may cause esophagitis, Peptic esophageal stricture or esophageal ulcer., Nursing Interventions: Surgical therapy Endoscopic therapy Lifestyle modifications Cessation of smoking Nutritional therapy Drug therapy Medical Diagnosis GERD Possible Nursing Dx: Anxiety, Fear Dificient fluid vomume Imbalanced nutrition Ineffective airway clearance Ineffective health maintanance Pain Risk for Aspiration