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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Apologia, ed 1, Module 13 Concept Map, Enthalpy there are 3 ways to determine it Hess' Law, Gibbs Free Energy because Chemists want to Know, Entropy equation is ΔS = Σ S (products) - Σ S (reactants), Bond Strength Chart gives you the strength of each bond shown in the Lewis Dot Diagrams, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mtext> ΔH = ∑Δ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> H </mtext> <mtext> f </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> (products) - ΣΔ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> H </mtext> <mtext> f </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> (reactants) </mtext> </mrow> </math> units can be Kc/mole, Bond energies needs Bond Strength Chart, ΔS = Σ S (products) - Σ S (reactants) units of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mfrac> <mtext> Joules </mtext> <mtext> mole ⋅ K </mtext> </mfrac> </mrow> </math>, even phases are considered which means that you can only use it when phases are known, endothermic reactions will be positive, Chemists want to Know if the reaction is spontaneous, exothermic reactions will be product, ΔG can be determined with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mtext> ΔG = Σ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> G </mtext> <mtext> F </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> (products) - Σ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> G </mtext> <mtext> F </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> (reactants) </mtext> </mrow> </math>, kJ/mole conversion ratio 1 calorie = 4.184 Joules, Activation Energy is something that gets the atom's valence shell electrons close enough to be exchanged between atoms to cause a chemical reaction to occur., a measure of disorder in Any system that is free of external influences become more disordered over time, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mtext> ΔH = ∑Δ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> H </mtext> <mtext> f </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> (products) - ΣΔ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> H </mtext> <mtext> f </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> (reactants) </mtext> </mrow> </math> units can be kJ/mole, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mtext> ΔH = ∑Δ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> H </mtext> <mtext> f </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> (products) - ΣΔ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> H </mtext> <mtext> f </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> (reactants) </mtext> </mrow> </math> in endothermic reactions, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mtext> ΔG = Σ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> G </mtext> <mtext> F </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> (products) - Σ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> G </mtext> <mtext> F </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> (reactants) </mtext> </mrow> </math> will need Gibbs Free Energies of Formation Chart, Enthalpy is a state functions, Activation Energy is the energy necessry to start a chemical reaction