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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: 13.1 CC, Federal agencies warn us that “Research indicates that the human brain continues to develop into a person’s early twenties and that exposure of the developing brain to alcohol may have long-lasting effects on intellectual capabilities.” therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Federal agencies warn us that “The brains and bodies of teens are still developing, and alcohol use can cause learning problems.”, restored higher purchasing age laws as a result of studies, Institute researchers in 1981 evaluated development in 9 states, finding that nighttime fatal crashes among young drivers were reduced by 28 percent. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The United States should NOT lower the drinking age to 18 years old, Annually, more than 5,000 deaths of people under age 21 are linked to underage drinking therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The Centers for Disease Control report that alcohol is often involved in each of the top four leading causes of death for those under age 20: car crashes, homicide, suicide, and drowning. -Human Relations Media, Inc., alcohol kills 6.5 times more teens than all other illicit drugs combined. -Human Relations Media, Inc. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) If alcohol kills 6.5 times more teens than all other illicit drugs combined, and if young drivers are less likely than adults to drive after drinking alcohol, but their crash risk is substantially higher when they do, then youth who drink alcohol are more likely to experience problems., alcohol kills 6.5 times more teens than all other illicit drugs combined. -Human Relations Media, Inc. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Youth who drink alcohol are more likely to experience: school problems, social problems, legal problems, physical problems, unprotected sexual activity, disruption of normal growth and sexual development, physical and sexual assault, higher risk for suicide and homicide Alcohol-related car crashes and other unintentional injuries, such as burns, falls, and drowning, memory problems, abuse of drug, changes in brain development that may have life-long effects, and death from alcohol poisoning, Annually, more than 5,000 deaths of people under age 21 are linked to underage drinking therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) If annually, more than 5,000 deaths of people under age 21 are linked to underage drinking, and if alcohol use is reported in 67% of all homicides, then The Centers for Disease Control report that alcohol is often involved in each of the top four leading causes of death for those under age 20: car crashes, homicide, suicide, and drowning., The proportion of first year college students who drink beer has fallen dramatically and recently reached the lowest level in 30 years, according to national annual surveys by UCLA's Higher Education Research Institute. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The proportion of college students who abstain from alcohol jumped 58% between 1983 and 1994, according to a series of nation-wide surveys, The Centers for Disease Control report that alcohol is often involved in each of the top four leading causes of death for those under age 20: car crashes, homicide, suicide, and drowning. -Human Relations Media, Inc. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) If The Centers for Disease Control report that alcohol is often involved in each of the top four leading causes of death for those under age 20, then alcohol kills 6.5 times more teens than all other illicit drugs combined, The proportion of college students who abstain from alcohol jumped 58% between 1983 and 1994, according to a series of nation-wide surveys therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The proportion of non-drinkers among college students in the U.S. recently reached a record-breaking all-time high accoring to statistics collected for the National Institute on Drug Abuse by the Institute for Social Research of the University of Michigan., Contrary to popular belief, drinking with parental approval is legal in many states across the country. Only seven states prohibit those under age 21 from drinking under all circumstances. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) If drinking with parental approval is legal in many states across the country. Only seven states prohibit those under age 21 from drinking under all circumstances, then the United States should NOT lower the drinking age to 18 years old, Federal agencies warn us that “Research indicates that the human brain continues to develop into a person’s early twenties and that exposure of the developing brain to alcohol may have long-lasting effects on intellectual capabilities.” therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) If “Research indicates that the human brain continues to develop into a person’s early twenties and that exposure of the developing brain to alcohol may have long-lasting effects on intellectual capabilities.” and if “The brains and bodies of teens are still developing, and alcohol use can cause learning problems.” then “Exposing the brain to alcohol during this period (i.e, before age 21) may interrupt key processes of brain development” and “alcohol–induced brain damage may persist.”, Lowering drinking age wouldn't solve the problem Refutes age-specific prohibition and young people are forced to create their own "speakeasies" in dorm rooms and other secret locations where they, too, must gulp their alcohol in the absence of social control, Young drivers are less likely than adults to drive after drinking alcohol, but their crash risk is substantially higher when they do therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Youth who drink alcohol are more likely to experience: school problems, social problems, legal problems, physical problems, unprotected sexual activity, disruption of normal growth and sexual development, physical and sexual assault, higher risk for suicide and homicide Alcohol-related car crashes and other unintentional injuries, such as burns, falls, and drowning, memory problems, abuse of drug, changes in brain development that may have life-long effects, and death from alcohol poisoning, alcohol-related car crashes alone claim the lives of 10, 000 16-to-24-year-olds each year -Human Relations Media, Inc. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Young drivers are less likely than adults to drive after drinking alcohol, but their crash risk is substantially higher when they do, Young drivers are less likely than adults to drive after drinking alcohol, but their crash risk is substantially higher when they do therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) If alcohol kills 6.5 times more teens than all other illicit drugs combined, and if young drivers are less likely than adults to drive after drinking alcohol, but their crash risk is substantially higher when they do, then youth who drink alcohol are more likely to experience problems., while fewer young people are drinking and their average consumption levels have been dropping (along with that of the general population), more younger people tend to drink abusively when they do consume. Objects The proportion of first year college students who drink beer has fallen dramatically and recently reached the lowest level in 30 years, according to national annual surveys by UCLA's Higher Education Research Institute., the proportion of the American population who drink (including young people) has been going down since about 1980. That was long before the states were required to raise the drinking age in 1987. Objects The proportion of college students who abstain from alcohol jumped 58% between 1983 and 1994, according to a series of nation-wide surveys, The proportion of non-drinkers among college students in the U.S. recently reached a record-breaking all-time high accoring to statistics collected for the National Institute on Drug Abuse by the Institute for Social Research of the University of Michigan. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The United States should NOT lower the drinking age to 18 years old, Youth who drink alcohol are more likely to experience: school problems, social problems, legal problems, physical problems, unprotected sexual activity, disruption of normal growth and sexual development, physical and sexual assault, higher risk for suicide and homicide Alcohol-related car crashes and other unintentional injuries, such as burns, falls, and drowning, memory problems, abuse of drug, changes in brain development that may have life-long effects, and death from alcohol poisoning therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The United States should NOT lower the drinking age to 18 years old, Contrary to popular belief, drinking with parental approval is legal in many states across the country. Only seven states prohibit those under age 21 from drinking under all circumstances. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The United States should NOT lower the drinking age to 18 years old