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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Muranoi_Output-Pract_2007_P3-Swain, FEEDBACK wields a positive influence, HYPOTHESIS FORMULATING AND TESTING formulation of a H happens when based on inductive inferencing, "the learner scans the input data, discerns regularities [...] and generalises." p57, SS "consciously recognise some of their linguistic problems" process is called "cognitive comparison", FEEDBACK can be Indirect metalinguistic information, HYPOTHESIS FORMULATING AND TESTING includes modifying, FEEDBACK can be Direct metalinguistic information, "cognitive comparison" is "crucial process in language acquisition", Indirect metalinguistic information such as misunderstandings, "important cognitive processes" and also HYPOTHESIS FORMULATING AND TESTING, Swain's research with Canadian French immersion SS (1985) findings are "there is little social or cognitive pressure to produce more targetlike language", "important cognitive processes" process is called "cognitive comparison", SS "can be understood by their interlocutors by means of their strategic competence" ***MY THOUGHTS*** ***This won't happen in SL, in the wiki or CM***, a gap "between the interlanguage and the target language"p57 when SS cannot say precisely what they want to say, conprehensible output as ""output that extends the linguistic repertoire of the learner as he or she attempts to create precisely and appropriately the meaning desired"" (Swain, 1985, p. 252), conprehensible output is "a necessary mechanism of L2 acquisition", Hitoshi Muranoi explains "in what way L2 output affects various cognitive processes involved in SLA"?, HYPOTHESIS FORMULATING AND TESTING a lerner's H is defined as ""a prediction that a certain aspect of the language is organised in a certain way"", Indirect metalinguistic information such as laughters, HYPOTHESIS FORMULATING AND TESTING includes rejecting, HYPOTHESIS FORMULATING AND TESTING includes formulating