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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Nagel_2005_core-argument, the state has an exceptional obligation to provide justice for its members therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) the state's "obligations reach no farther than the demands do" (130), "there are at least three morally significant connections between us and the global poor" which constitute a positive right to the amelioration of unfairness in the distribution of social and economic goods includes (Pogge, 313) "Third, they and we coexist within a single global economic order that has a strong tendency to perpetuate and even to aggrevate global economic inequality.", Thomas Nagel (2005). The problem of global justice. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 33(2), 113-147. visualized according to the rules and conventions of Logical Argument Mapping (LAM), "there are at least three morally significant connections between us and the global poor" which constitute a positive right to the amelioration of unfairness in the distribution of social and economic goods includes (Pogge, 313) "First, their social starting positions and ours have emerged from a single historical process that was pervaded by massive grievous wrongs. The same historical injustices, including genocide, colonialism, and slavery, play a role in explaining both their poverty and our affluence.", "our economic policies and the global economic institutions we impose make us causally and morally responsible for the perpetuation--even aggravation-- of world hunger" (313) Nagel supports this partly by "First, there are good reasons, not deriving from global socioeconomic justice, to be concerned about the consequences of economic relations with states that are internally egregiously unjust. Even if internal justice is the primary responsibility of each state, the complicity of other states in the active support or perpetuation of an unjust regime is a secondary offense against justice. Secondly, even self-interested bargaining between states should be tempered by considerations of humanity, and the best way of doing this in the present world is to allow poor societies to benefit from their comparative advantage in labor costs to become competitors in world markets. WTO negotiations have finally begun to show some sense that it is indecent, for example, when subsidies by wealthy nations to their own farmers cripple the market for agricultural products from developing countries, both for export and domestically." (143), "Some would argue that the present level of world economic interdependence already brings into force a version of the political conception of justice, so that Rawls’s principles, or some alternative principles of distributive justice, are appli- cable over the domain covered by the existing cooperative institutions" (137b) questions people outside of our own nation are not joined together with us "in a political society under strong centralized control" (127), the state's "obligations reach no farther than the demands do" (130) therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) people outside of our own nation do not have a positive right to the amelioration of unfair- ness in the distribution of social and economic goods, "Political institutions create contingent, selective moral relations" (131a) clarifies if the state has an exceptional obligation to provide justice for its members, then the state's "obligations reach no farther than the demands do" (130), "there are at least three morally significant connections between us and the global poor" which constitute a positive right to the amelioration of unfairness in the distribution of social and economic goods includes (Pogge, 313) "Second, they and we depend on a single natural resource base, from the benefits of which they are largely, and without compensation, excluded. The affluent countries and the elites of the developing world divide these resources on mutually agreeable terms without leaving 'enough and as good' for the remaining majority of humankind.", if the state has an exceptional obligation to provide justice for its members, then the state's "obligations reach no farther than the demands do" (130) therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) the state's "obligations reach no farther than the demands do" (130), Pogge, T. W. (2001). Priorities of global justice (Poverty, moral philosophy). Metaphilosophy, 32(1-2), 6-24. pagination here according to the abbreviated version in Waller, B. N. (2007). Consider Ethics. Theory, Readings, and Contemporary Issues (2nd ed.). New York: Peasons-Longman, pp. 310-316, "Socioeconomic justice ... depends on positive rights that we do not have against all other persons or groups, rights that arise only because we are joined together with certain others in a political society under strong centralized control. It is only from such a system, and from our fellow members through its institutions, that we can claim a right to demo- cracy, equal citizenship, nondiscrimation, equality of opportunity, and the amelioration through public policy of unfairness in the distribution of social and economic goods" (127) supports a positive right to the amelioration of unfair- ness in the distribution of social and economic goods exists only for those people who are "joined together with certain others in a politi- cal society under strong centralized control" (127), a positive right to the amelioration of unfair- ness in the distribution of social and economic goods exists only for those people who are "joined together with certain others in a politi- cal society under strong centralized control" (127) therefore (ArgScheme: modus tollens) people outside of our own nation do not have a positive right to the amelioration of unfair- ness in the distribution of social and economic goods, "I believe that it is not the case, precisely because such institutions do not rise to the level of statehood" (137b). "Mere economic interaction does not trigger the heightened standards of socioeconomic justice. Current international rules and institutions ... are not collectively enacted and coercively imposed in the name of all the individuals whose lives they affect; and they do not ask for the kind of authorization by individuals that carries with it a responsibility to treat all those individuals in some sense equally. Instead, they are set up by bargaining among mutually self-interested sovereign parties." (138a) defeats "Some would argue that the present level of world economic interdependence already brings into force a version of the political conception of justice, so that Rawls’s principles, or some alternative principles of distributive justice, are appli- cable over the domain covered by the existing cooperative institutions" (137b), Such a right is NOT constituted by Nagel's political conception of justice, because: "Justice, on the political conception, requires a collectively im- posed social framework, enacted in the name of all those governed by it, and aspiring to command their acceptance of its authority even when they disagree with the substance of its decisions." (140) defeats "there are at least three morally significant connections between us and the global poor" which constitute a positive right to the amelioration of unfairness in the distribution of social and economic goods, societal "authority is exercised" in our name (128b) therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) the state has an exceptional obligation to provide justice for its members, "The most basic rights and duties are universal, and not contingent on specific institutional relations between people. Only the heightened requirements of equal treatment embodied in principles of justice, including political equality, equality of opportunity, and distributive justice, are contingent in this way." (130a) clarifies people outside of our own nation do not have a positive right to the amelioration of unfair- ness in the distribution of social and economic goods, every citizen has a right to request justification for any "arbitrary inequalities" admitted by the society whose member he/she is (129a) supports if "the state makes unique demands on the will of its members," and if societal "authority is exercised" in our name, then the state has an "exceptional obligation" to provide justice for its members (130b), "our economic policies and the global economic institutions we impose make us causally and morally responsible for the perpetuation--even aggravation-- of world hunger" (313) defeats (Pogge) a positive right to the amelioration of unfair- ness in the distribution of social and economic goods exists only for those people who are "joined together with certain others in a politi- cal society under strong centralized control" (127), "there are at least three morally significant connections between us and the global poor" which constitute a positive right to the amelioration of unfairness in the distribution of social and economic goods defeats (Pogge) a positive right to the amelioration of unfair- ness in the distribution of social and economic goods exists only for those people who are "joined together with certain others in a politi- cal society under strong centralized control" (127)