animation of the Bauer-Kirby method of antibiotic susceptibility testing

photograph illustrating how to measure the zones of inhibition around the antibiotic discs

illustration of how to a measure double zone of inhibition

illustration of how to measure zones of inhibition with colonies in the zone

illustration of how to measure zones of inhibition with feathered growth

animation of a bacterium resisting an antibiotic by producing an enzyme to inactivate the antibiotic

Common antibiotics and their modes of action

animation of animation illustrating aminoglycosides preventing the translocation of tRNA from the A-site to the P-site of bacterial ribosomes

Common antibiotics and their modes of action

animation of a bacterium resisting an antibiotic by producing an altered ribosomal subunit to which the drug cannot bind

animation of a bacterium resisting an antibiotic by producing an altered enzyme to which the drug cannot bind

animation of a bacterium resisting an antibiotic by pumping the drug out of the cell

animation of a bacterium resisting an antibiotic by producing altered porins that block drug entry

animation of a bacterium resisting an antibiotic by producing an altered transport protein to prevent drug entry

Common antibiotics and their modes of action

animation illustrating aminoglycosides causing a misreading of codons

animation illustrating how tetracyclines bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and block translation

animation illustrating how macrolides bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit and block translation by blocking peptidyltransferase

animation illustrating how macrolides bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit and block translation by preventing the transfer of the peptidyl tRNA from the A-site to the P-site

animation illustrating how oxazolidinones block the binding of the 50S ribosomal subunit to the initiation complex

Common antibiotics and their modes of action

animation of penicillins inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis

animation of vancomycin inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis

animation of bacitracin inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis

animation of competitive antagonism

animation of a bacterium resisting an antibiotic by producing more of a limited enzyme

Common antibiotics and their modes of action

animation of an antibiotic altering bacterial enzymes such as DNA topoisomerases

illustration of antimicrobial agents blocking formation of tetrahydrofolic acid, a cofacter needed for synthesis of nucleotide bases