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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: 15.1 RESPIRATION, 5.1:RESPIRATION has Cellular Metabolism, Catabolism means The degradation reactions,which break down ingested materials and release energy., Anabolism means The metabolism in which new macromolecules are synthesised with the comsumption of energy., ATP the Currency of Energy 1 Energy is released by the stepwise breakdown of glucose. When oxidation occur,there is a release of energy and a significant proportion of the energy of the sugar is captured and stored in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules., 5.1:RESPIRATION use ATP the Currency of Energy, Cellular Metabolism include Anabolism, takes place in lower organisms such as bacteria, takes place in lower organisms such as fungi, 5.1:RESPIRATION has Anaerobic respiration, and ???? occurs in the presence of oxygen and oxidises chemical compounds completely into carbon dioxides,water and releasing chemical energy., ATP the Currency of Energy 4 ATP can be resynthesised from an ADP by using energy released from cellular respiration to reattach a phosphate,a process known as phosphorylation., ATP the Currency of Energy 2 ATP is a universal form of energy carrier that consists of adenine (a nitrogenous base),ribose(a five-carbon sugar) and a chain of three phosphate groups., 5.1:RESPIRATION has Aerobic respiration, ATP the Currency of Energy 6 The main role of ATP are the transport and storage of energy. The following activities is fuelledby ATP: *active transport of ions and molecules across membrane *synthesis of macromolecules from its monomers *transmission of impulse in nerve cells *contraction of muscles *growth and cell division *changes in the shape of guard cells *protein synthesis, and ???? takes place in higher organisms, ATP the Currency of Energy 5 ATP and ADP molecules shuttle back and forth between the energy- releasing reactions of cellular respiration and the energy-utilizing reactions of the cell., occurs in the complete absence of oxygen and partially oxidised chemical compounds and releases less energy. and takes place in lower organisms, ATP the Currency of Energy 3 The unstable bonds between the phosphate groups can be hydrolysed in an exergonic reaction that releases energy.When the terminal phosphate bond is hydrolysed,a phosphate group is removed producing ADP(adenosine diphosphate),plus an inorganic form of phosphorus and chemical energy., Anaerobic respiration that occurs in the complete absence of oxygen and partially oxidised chemical compounds and releases less energy., Aerobic respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen and oxidises chemical compounds completely into carbon dioxides,water and releasing chemical energy.