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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Nancy Cooper, Viamins including Vitamins B12, UpToDate states it has adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, GI distress, Decreased oxygen absorption in lungs leads to blood carrying less oxygen, aneuploidy could result in trisomy including 13, 18, 21, poor diet which facilitates the question of In pregnant patients, what is the effect of a low folate diet versus a diet supplemented by folic acid on the incidence of neural tube defects in the fetus., women over 35 are more likely to have a child with birth defects including chromosomal abnormalies, folate essential for purines and thymidine monophosphate formation, alcohol consumption leading to congenital malformations, Decreased tissue oxygenation leads to tissue hypoxia, smoking habit which facilitates the question of For pregnant women, does the use of smoking increase the future risk of pregnancy loss, low birth weight, and congenital malformations on fetal development compared with a pregnant woman abstaining from smoking?, Nancy Cooper has risk factors of advanced maternal age, impaired fetal oxygen delivery leading to pregnancy loss, blood carrying less oxygen causes Decreased tissue oxygenation, For pregnant women of advanced maternal age, does the age of pregnancy increase the chance of chromosomal non-disjunction during meiosis of the developing fetus compared with a pregnant woman of normal maternal age? addressed using Up to Date, essential builing blocks of DNA DNA replication is important for Erythropoiesis, cell proliferation required for neurogenesis in fetus, For pregnant women, does the use of smoking increase the future risk of pregnancy loss, low birth weight, and congenital malformations on fetal development compared with a pregnant woman abstaining from smoking? addressed using UpToDate, purines and thymidine monophosphate formation which are essential builing blocks of DNA, UpToDate validates evidence for impaired fetal oxygen delivery, UpToDate recommends pregnancy-safe alternative treatment