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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: MA Life Science Standards Strand Map, 1. Recognize that animals (including humans) and plants are living things. Living things grow, reproduce, and need food, air, and water. 3. Recognize that plants and animals have life cycles, and that life cycles vary for different living things., 2.2. Compare and contrast, at the cellular level, the general structures and degrees of complexity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 2.6. Describe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis. Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells, and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction., 5.2a. Describe species as reproductively distinct groups of organisms. 5.2c. Describe the role that geographic isolation can play in speciation., 1. Recognize that animals (including humans) and plants are living things. Living things grow, reproduce, and need food, air, and water. 1. Classify plants and animals according to the physical characteristics that they share., 6a. Identify the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, protection from disease, and movement, control, and coordination). • 4.1a. Explain generally how the digestive system (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum) converts macromolecules from food into smaller molecules.,, 3.4. Distinguish among observed inheritance patterns caused by several types of genetic traits (dominant, recessive, codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles). 3.5. Describe how Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment can be observed through patterns of inheritance (e.g., dihybrid crosses)., 15. Explain how dead plants and animals are broken down by other living organisms and how this process contributes to the system as a whole. 14. Explain the roles and relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in the process of energy transfer in a food web., 5.2b. Recognize that species are further classified into a hierarchical taxonomic system (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species) based on morphological, behavioral, and molecular similarities. 2.3. Use cellular evidence (e.g., cell structure, cell number, cell reproduction) and modes of nutrition to describe the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia)., 1.2. Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). 1.3. Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify factors, such as pH and temp- erature, that have an effect on enzymes., 6a. Identify the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, protection from disease, and movement, control, and coordination). • 4.4a. Explain how the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, sensory neurons, motor neurons) mediates communication among different parts of the body and mediates the body’s interactions with the environment., 8a. Recognize that hereditary information is contained in genes located in the chromosomes of each cell. 2.7. Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells. Explain the importance of this process in sexual reproduction, and how gametes form diploid zygotes in the process of fertilization., 5. Describe the hierarchical organ- ization of multicellular organisms from cells to tissues to organs to systems to organisms. • 4.3. Explain how the respiratory system (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, alveoli) provides exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide., 1. Recognize that animals (including humans) and plants are living things. Living things grow, reproduce, and need food, air, and water. 2. Differentiate between living and nonliving things. Group both living and nonliving things according to the characteristics that they share., 1. Recognize that animals (including humans) and plants are living things. Living things grow, reproduce, and need food, air, and water. 2b. In these single-celled organisms, one cell must carry out all of the basic functions of life., 16. Recognize that producers (plants that contain chlorophyll) use the energy from sunlight to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water through a process called photosynthesis. This food can be used immediately, stored for later use, or used by other organisms. ESS 3.2. Describe the carbon cycle., 8a. Recognize that hereditary information is contained in genes located in the chromosomes of each cell. 3.1. Describe the basic structure (double helix, sugar/phosphate backbone, linked by complementary nucleotide pairs) of DNA, and describe its function in genetic inheritance., 5. Describe the hierarchical organ- ization of multicellular organisms from cells to tissues to organs to systems to organisms. • 4.5a. Explain how the muscular/skeletal system (skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles, bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons) works with other systems to support the body and allow for movement., 5. Describe the hierarchical organ- ization of multicellular organisms from cells to tissues to organs to systems to organisms. 6a. Identify the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, protection from disease, and movement, control, and coordination)., 8a. Describe how organisms meet some of their needs in an environment by using behaviors (patterns of activities) in response to information (stimuli) received from the environment. 6.2. Analyze changes in population size and biodiversity (speciation and extinction) that result from the following: natural causes, changes in climate, human activity, and the introduction of invasive, non-native species.